Darbų saugos kontrolės įgyvendinimas

Benevičius, Nerijus

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Darbų saugos kontrolės įgyvendinimas

Benevičius, Nerijus

URI: http://dspace.kaunokolegija.lt//handle/123456789/1263

Data: 2018-06

Santrauka:

Darbas – tai viena iš svarbiausių šiuolaikinio žmogaus saviraiškos būdų. Dirbdami mes augame kaip specialistai ir vystomės, kaip asmenybės. Kiekvienam iš mūsų yra darbas yra svarbus ne tik, kaip pragyvenimo šaltinis, bet ir kaip terpė, kurioje praleidžiame didelę dalį savo gyvenimo laiko.

Description:

Work is one of the most important ways of self-expression of modern man. When working, we grow as professionals and develop as personalities. The work for each of us is important not only as a source of livelihood, but also as a medium, in which we spend a large part of our life. In this case, not only a reward for a job or a good microclimate is important, but also the ability to work safely - each of us would like to return to the family after work healthy and unharmed, and not to spend time in medical institutions treating injuries incurred in the work process. From the times of the primitive society, members of society used to share work functions: stronger would go to hunt or perform harder works, and weaker would collect food products that naturally occurred in the nature. Such a division of work can be considered as the first expression of safety, which like all the rest of the relationship was regulated by customary law. With the development of civilization, as well as improvement of tools, the works done by people also expanded and developed, and the fruits resulting from the work activities grew as well. Modern labor relations, their regulation, and safety requirements were formed by the development of technology in 19-20 centuries, the transition from agrarian to industrial economy. Because of complexity of work processes and the emergence of freely hired work, in terms of carrier of public good, livelihood sources and created services or products, but also a negative phenomenon, calculated by accidents at work or occupational diseases. One of the main reasons why I chose this topic was confrontation with the statistics of accidents at work. Examination of the statistics of accidents for the last few years revealed that almost half of accidents happened due to the fault of employees (victims) themselves; also, almost half of accidents at work occurred due to the fault of employers, which leads to the opinion that insufficient attention is paid to work safety, and it is not just the fault of employee or employer, but also the lack of control of state institutions. Describing the work safety principles in my work, I seek to reveal the emergence and development of employment relationships, principles of labor law, methods, functions, interaction of labor law as an independent branch of law with other branches of law, as well as to review the statistics of the last period by using comparative and empirical method and to reveal main labor safety principles. Thesis reveals the statistics of accidents at work and the concept of occupational safety, naming main sources of law as well as mutual connection between the national and European Union laws. One of major actions to the prevent the accidents at work is proper evaluation of occupational risk, so in this part of work, I tried to reveal the probability of injuries or other health damage to an employee resulting from harmful or hazardous factor or factors of work environment, assessing how the workplace or other workplace locations, work equipment and working conditions comply with the safety and health requirements established in occupational safety and health legislation, and provide for preventive measures to protect employees from the risks, or it would be minimized as much as possible, and also reveal risk calculation methods. Thesis describes the duties of employers and employees in the field of the safety and health in order to reveal the rights and duties of subjects of labor relationship in respect of each other so as to ensure a safe working environment; to identify and review potentially dangerous equipment and dangerous works, as well as to reveal the occupational safety and health control and social partnership by naming main subjects of occupational safety relationships, their rights and obligations with respect to each other. Training, certification and coaching of employers and employees are named as one of important preventive occupational safety area in the thesis, i.e. the methodological material developed based on review of past accidents, their examination; the evaluation of the risk of accidents led to the creation of common rules of conduct that eliminate or significantly reduce the probability of accidents at work. One of the basic and mandatory parts of rules of law is a sanction, which I consider not only the sanction at the state level, but also a key factor in adjusting people’s behavior. Therefore, I identified the key responsibility forms in the thesis. Occupational disease by its consequences is close to an accident at work, but the circumstances of its occurrence are different, so in the thesis, I revealed their classification and research methods. Principle (Lat. Principium – beginning, basis). In my thesis, I think I managed to reveal the origins of work and safety at work, their development and transformation into a modern and separate branch of law, to show that Lithuania is the modern state in sense of regulation of occupation safety relations, but the abundance (statistics) of accidents suggests that the compliance with laws is not guaranteed. Structural analysis of statistics shows that in order to eliminate accidents at work, to organize educational activities and ensure the compliance with laws based on the relationships of the subjects of occupational safety - employee, employer and supervising institutions – is necessary.

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