Santrauka:
Kupiškio rajono vidutinis ūkis yra 27,23 ha, o ūkininko D. Gabnio ūkis yra kur kas didesnis – 290 ha., dominuoja augalininkystės ūkiai (toks ūkis yra ir D. Gabnio ūkis), kurie yra priskiriami vidutinei našumo vertei. Svarbiausi kriterijai renkantis augalų auginimo technologijas yra: dirvožemio būklė, jos įvertinimas, priešsėlis bei taikoma sėjomaina, sėkla (jos pasirinkimas ir paruošimas sėjai), tinkamas ţemės paruošimas sėti, oro sąlygų įvertinimas, ir tolimesnė augalų prieţiūra (tręšimas, apsauga nuo ligų ir kenkėjų). D. Gabnio ūkyje auginami šie augalai: ţieminiai rapsai, ţirniai, pupos, ţieminiai ir vasariniai kviečiai. Ūkininko dirbamų laukų dirvožemis priskiriamas tiek prastos, tiek vidutinės būklės dirvožemiui, tad siekiant gerinti augalų auginimo technologiją, daug dėmesio skiriama augalų tręšimo planui kurti ir konsultavimuisi su agronomais, sėklai paruošti sėti (ūkininkas pats beicuoja visas sėklas). Ūkyje naudojami pesticidai ir trąšos, planuojama sėjomaina ir derinami priešsėliai, kad jie naujai sėjamai kultūrai būtų kuo naudingesni. Taip pat prieš sėją ūkininkas į dirvą neretai išbarsto mineralines trąšas. Nors ir stengiamasi laikytis ir taikyti kuo efektyvesnes augalų auginimo technologijas, tačiau netikėtai pasikeitusios/neplanuotos oro sąlygos sumažina gaunamo derliaus kiekį.
Description:
Karolis Gabnys (student of Sustainable farming programme) conducted a study „Cultivated plant technology assessment in Dainius Gabnys farm“. Study leader lecturer Kazimieras Matiušinas. Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences, Technology faculty, Environmental Engineering Cathedral. Kaunas; 2018. The purpose of this study was to assess cultivated plant technology in Dainius Gabnys farm. The goals of the study were: 1. To analyze the condition of grain production in Kupiškis district and in Dainius Gabnys farm; 2. To do literature overview about cultivated plant technology; 3. To analyze cultivated plant technologies in Dainius Gabnys farm. The method of the research is research interview with the farmer about his farm and the technology used in it. The statistical data analysis has been performed using Microsoft Office Excel. The results of the study show that the farmer D. Gabnys has 290 ha crop farmland. The farm is established in 2004. The most fertile agriculture crop in the farm is winter wheat and the least fertile is peas. The biggest profit is obtain form winter rapeseeds and the least profit is obtain from barely. This is the reason why farmer decided not to seed barely in his farmland anymore. The farmer's revenue for the sold production is 232 780 eur, the agriculture production cost is 127 682 eur, the total net profit of the farm in the year reaches 105 098 eur (2.4.3.2 table). Conclusions. Average farm size in the Kupiškis district is 27,23 ha. Talking about D. Gabnys crop farm size – it is much bigger than the average in Kupiškis district – it is 290 ha. It seems that the most popular farm type in Kupiškis district is crop farm, which are attributed to the average productivity value. The most important criteria for selecting plant growing technologies are: soil condition assessment, taking into account what the precending crop was and what crop rotation is applicable to, seed selection and preparation for sowing, the right soil preparation for sowing, assessment of the weather conditions, and further maintenance of plants (fertilization, protection against diseases and pests). There are few kinds of plants grown in D. Gabnys farm, these are winter rapeseeds, peas, beans, winter and summer wheats. The soil of the farmer's fields is classified as a poor and medium condition. That is the reason why in order to improve plant cultivation technology, much attention is paid to the development of a plant fertilization plan and consultation with agronomists, seed preparation for sowing (the farmer himself treats seeds with mordant). In this farm pesticides and fertilizers are used, crop rotations and combinations of precrops is planed in order to ensure better conditions for newly sown crop. What is more, before sowing, the farmer often spills mineral fertilizers into the soil. Key words: Farmer, agriculture, cultivation technologies.